Preheat the oven to 350. Grease a 10-inch Bundt pan.
Beat sugar and butter together in a large bowl with an electric mixer until light and fluffy. Add eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Beat in vanilla.
Whisk flour, baking soda, and baking powder together in a separate bowl; add flour mixture in 2 batches, alternating with sour cream, beating batter briefly after each addition. Pour ½ of the batter into the prepared pan.
Mix the filling ingredients together in a small bowl; sprinkle over the batter in the pan. Drop the remaining batter in heaping spoonfuls over filling, covering it as best you can. Sprinkle with 2 tablespoons of white sugar.
Bake in the preheated oven until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean, about 50-55 minutes. Cool on a wire rack for 5 minutes. Transfer carefully onto a serving plate. Let cool completely.